My great-grandmother was Deluvina Jaquez.1 She had a fascinating history, and although she died long before I was born, I came to know her through genealogical research.
Depending on the record, the
name Jaquez was spelled with an “s” or a “z” and
sometimes was spelled as Xaques. Deluvina Jaquez
was christened in the Iglesia de San Juan and married
at St. Tomas de Abiquiu, both churches in Rio
Arriba County, New Mexico. She was one of the
first settlers of the Conejos area in southern
Colorado. Her great-grandmother was one of the first
settlers of St. Louis, Missouri. Her mother was from
the Gurule-Chavez line, and her paternal
grandmother was a Martin Serrano.
It is stated in Origins of New Mexico Families that:
“Although perhaps of French origin far back in history, this surname is very old in Spain . . . Juan Jose Jaquez was living in Rio Arriba in 1754. Julian Jaquez and his wife Paula Martin had a child, Maria Gertrudis, January 25, 1787. His previous wife, Jacinta Torres was killed by Comanches prior to 1763. . . All these were, to all appearances, descendants of Juan Jose Jaques of 1754, who in turn, came from a prominent family at Guadalupe del Paso.”2
Juan Jose Jaquez, unmarried, was found in the 1750 Taos area census.3 He and Maria Rosa Villalpando married ca. 1750-1759, although no record has been found.4 Maria Rosa Villalpando was the daughter of Pablo Francisco Villalpando, 5 and her mother’s last name was “Martine.”6 Pablo Francisco Villalpando married Francisca Luxan (Lujan) on 14 May 1731 at Santa Cruz; the date being recorded in San Juan marriage records. Francisca Lujan was from Santa Cruz while Pablo Villalpando was from Embudo.7 This couple was in the 1750 Taos census with their children: Ana Maria, Maria, and Pablo Villalpando, and several servants. Only nine Spanish families were enumerated in this census, dated 12 July 1750.8 Pablo Villalpando lived in the Taos Valley. His wife, Francisca Lujan, was killed during the Comanche attack on 4 August 1760.9 Pablo Francisco Villalpando married again on 29 June 1764 to Maria de la Luz Cordoba. He was noted as being the widower of Francisca Lujan.10
On 4 August 1760, Comanches attacked the
Villalpando estancia in the Taos Valley. All the men
were killed, including Juan Jose Jaquez, as were
some of the women. Pablo Villalpando was away on
business at the time. The Comanches kidnapped
Maria Rosa Villalpando. She was later sold to a
second tribe, and had an Indian child. A few years
later, she had a child with Jean Salé dit Lajoie, a
trapper, who eventually married her. They were
among the founding citizens of St. Louis, Missouri,
and Maria Rosa Villalpando Salé lived to age 107
there.11
In The Missions of New Mexico, 1776, Domínguez
described the Comanche attack that left Juan Jose
Jaquez dead and Maria Rosa Villalpando at the
mercy of Indian captors.
“Throughout the Taos valley and in the
vicinity of the pueblo there are a number of
ruins of very good ranchos with many good qualities for farming. They were abandoned in the year 1760 because on August 4 of that
year the Comanche nation, with (so it is
said) a very large force of its men, attacked
the valley and, as they demonstrated by over
running the whole region in a number of
troops, their intention was to finish the
pueblo and the aforesaid ranchos to avenge
the fact that two months earlier they had
danced under their eyes with twenty-four
scalps of their people . . . But all the fury
broke out at the house of one Pablo Pando
(he was away; his family and property were all lost), which stood in the middle of the plain. There, then, was the brunt of the
battle, which lasted most of the day because
of the great resistance only seven men
offered with bullets to more than three
thousand heathens. The latter finally had
recourse to opening breaches in the walls.
Through them they won the house, killed
those seven men (who had killed more than
a hundred Indians, some inside and some
outside) who had put up such great
resistance. After taking the house and killing
them, they killed a number of women, who had fought like men . . . They sacked the house and set fire to it. They went off and
took more than fifty captives with them
(many have now returned), leaving
seventeen Christians dead and the farms for the most part destroyed.” 12
After living as an Indian captive for many years,
Maria Rosa Villalpando married Jean Salé dit Lajoie
on 3 July 1770 in the newly established village of St.
Louis.13 Their children were christened in the St.
Louis King of France Parish, in the St. Louis District
of Missouri.
“When Pierre Liguest Laclede and his First
Lieutenant Auguste Chouteau founded the
City
of St. Louis in 1764, Laclede dedicated
the square just west of where he built his
home, for church and graveyard purposes.
The first Catholic Church in St. Louis, built
on this site, was a small log house built in
1770. St. Louis IX, King of France, is the
Patron Saint of the City and of the Church.
In 1776, the mission of St. Louis became a
canonical parish and the second log cabin
church was built.” 14
In the Annals of St. Louis, Jean Salé dit Lajoie was mentioned as one of the founders of that city. He was born about 1741. The “dit” in his name is akin
to “also known as.” Information from the Salé-Villalpando marriage document indicated he was a
“voyageur” from the port of St. Louis, that he was
Spanish, and a native of the parish of “St. Pierre des
Landes” in Santes, Santouge, France. His parents
were Jacques Salé and Jeanne Lupeau.15
Jean
Salé
“came to St. Louis in 1764 in the boat with
Chouteau (founder of St. Louis) and was
married to Marie Rose Vidalpano, born at
Taos, New Mexico, July 3, 1770 . . . Helene
Lerou, married Capt. Jas. Lafferty, in 1827,
August 27 . . . Marie Rose V. Salle, died on
July 27, 1830, at the house of her daughter,
Mrs. Lerou, on Elm Street, between Fourth
and Fifth, at the remarkable age of one
hundred and seven years, and Mrs. Lerou in
1854 at the age of eighty one."16
Helene Lerou, born in 1803, and who married
Captain James Lafferty on 27 August 1827, was
actually Maria Rose Villalpando’s granddaughter,
the daughter of Helene Salé Leroux and Benjamin Leroux.17 On 3 August 1830, the Missouri
Republican reported the death of Maríe Rose
Villalpando Salé:
“DIED, On Tuesday last, in this city, Mrs.
Lajoie, aged 107 years.”
- The same information was also reported in the St.
Louis Beacon on 5 August 1830 including the death
date.18 The known children of Jean Salé dit Lajoie and
Maria Rosa (Marie Rose) Villalpando were:
- i. Lambert Salé dit LaJoie, born 12 November 1768 19 in St. Louis.
ii. Pierre Salé dit LaJoie, born 21 July 1771 20 in St. Louis.
iii. Marie Josephe Salé dit LaJoie, born 11 August 1773 21 in St. Louis.
iv. Helene Salé dit LaJoie, born 11 August 1773 in St. Louis; married Benjamin Leroux22 on 7 January 1792 at the St.Louis
King of France Parish, St. Louis, Missouri Territory.
- v. Antoine Xavier Salé dit LaJoie,23 christened 18 July 1776.
Jose Julian was the son of Juan Jose Jaquez and
Maria Rosa Villalpando. He was born ca. 1758 at the
Villalpando estancia at Taos. It is not known who
raised him after the Comanche raid in which Jose’s
father was killed and his mother captured. In Origins
of New Mexico Families, Chávez indicated Jose
Julian Jaquez was first married to Jacinta Torres.24 Jose Julian Jaquez and Maria Paula Martin were
married sometime before 1784 and had a large
family. Maria Paula Martin, was christened 26
January 1766 at the Iglesia de San Juan.25 She was
the daughter of Pedro Antonio Martin and Maria
Gregoria Olaya Tapia.
The known children of Jose Julian Jaquez and Maria Paula Martin were:
i. Juan Manuel Jaquez, baptized 6 February
1784;26 married Maria Biviana Valdes27 on 2 January 1812; died before 22 September 1822.28
ii. Maria Gertrudis Jaquez, baptized 25
January 1787;29 married Jose Bernardo
Torres ca. 1821.30
iii. Juan de Jesus Jaquez, baptized 6 April
1788;31 married Maria Josefa Trujillo on
8 April 1812.32
iv. Felipe de Jesus Jaquez, baptized 25 March
178933 at San Juan de los Caballeros;
married Maria Micaela Chavez on 27 April 181234 at Abiquiu; died ca. 20 October
187335 at Conejos, Colorado.
v. Maria Manuela Jaquez, baptized 17
October 1790;36 married Jose Vicente
Roybal after 14 June 1811.37
vi. Pacifica Jaquez, baptized 3 June 1792;38 married Tomas Rafael Valdes ca.1825.39
vii. Manuel Benancio de los Dolores Jaquez,
baptized 4 April 1794.40
viii. Phelipe de Jesus Jaquez, baptized 20
September 1795.41
ix. Maria Ysabel Jaquez, baptized 16 April
1797;42 married Eusebio Duran y Chavez
20 January 1813.43
Two sons named Felipe de Jesus caused some
confusion in the research. Often, if there are two
children with the same name, it means that the first
child died. However, records show that both Felipes
went on to live long lives.
In the 1790 census of San Juan, Jose Julian Jaquez
was age 32, Spanish, and a farmer. His wife, Paula
Martin, was age 25 and also Spanish. They had three
sons, ages 6, 2, and 1, and one daughter, age 4.
These ages match well with their first four children. 44 Maria Paula Martin’s death was recorded 9 July
1798 in the San Juan church records.45
In a prenuptial investigation dated 14 June 1811,
Manuela Jaquez petitioned to marry Jose Vicente
Roybal. Manuela said she was under the care of her
unmarried brothers, and that her father had been
absent for about ten years. Jose Vicente Roybal said
he would be able to support her properly.46 Two
Jaquez siblings married two Duran y Chavez
siblings: Felipe de Jesus Jaquez and Micaela
Chavez; Ysabel Jaquez and Eusebio Duran y
Chavez.
Jose Julian Jaquez married Maria Francisca
Pacheco after July 1798. They added two more
daughters to the family. Maria Natividad Jaquez
was born on Christmas Day and christened 29
December 1799;47 and Maria Dolores Jaquez was
christened 21 August 1801.48 Sometime in the
summer of 1803, Jose Julian reached St. Louis to
visit his mother.
“Travel between St. Louis and New Mexico
was both arduous and dangerous in those
years and would not have been undertaken
as a lark. Commerce and contact between
the two settlements was virtually non-
existent, and one can only guess at the
manner by which Jacques learned his mother was alive and well in St. Louis.” 49
An agreement was signed by Jose Julian Jaquez, his
mother, and his half-sister, Helene Salé Leroux, on
3 August 1803 to settle his inheritance. Jose Julian
gave up his share of his mother’s estate to his half-
sister and received 200 pesos.
“This document is the only record that any
children were born to Marie Rose and her
first husband, and the absence of mention of
any siblings of Jacques certainly gives good
cause to believe he was the only child of that
marriage.”50
__________________________________________
The remainder of this article will continue to be posted online at the earliest opportunity. Its interesting story and thorough documentation continues through 111 footnotes. A copy of the quarterly journal (issue 44:1, March 2005) may be ordered at nmg-ord.htm.
About the author: Carmalee Gallegos Owen is a
NMGS member living in St. George, Utah. She has
actively been researching northern New Mexico
families for over twenty years, including the surnames
Gallegos, Romero, Miera, Jaques, Martin, Montoya,
Fernandez, Mondragon and Cordova. She is married
and has two children and a dog. Carmalee can be
reached at bcldowen@charter.net.
Footnotes:
1. Deluvina Jaquez Gallegos, Juan Francisco Gallegos, Florentino Gallegos, Joe E. Gallegos, Carmalee Gallegos Owen.
2. Fray Angelico Chavez. Origins of New Mexico Families: A Genealogy of the Spanish Colonial Period, revised edition (Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico Press, 1992), 198. [Hereafter referred to as ONMF.]
3. Virginia Langham Olmsted, Spanish and Mexican Censuses of New Mexico, 1750 to 1830 (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogical Society, Inc., 1981), 47. Name recorded as Joseph Xaques. [Hereafter referred to as 1750 to 1830.]
4. Jack B. Tykal, "Taos to St. Louis: The Journey of Maria Rosa Villalpando," New Mexico Historical Review 65 (April 1990): 166. [Hereafter referred to as Tykal, "Taos to St. Louis."]
5. Pablo Francisco Villalpando was the son of Juan de Villa El Pando and Ana Maria Romero. The prenuptial investigation for Juan and Ana Maria was dated 2 January 1694. See Fray Angelico Chavez, New Mexico Roots, Ltd.: a demographic perspective from genealogical historical and geographic data found in the Diligencias Matrimoniales or Pre-Nuptial Investigations (1678-1869) of the Archives of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe, 11 volumes (Santa Fe: privately printed, 1982), 11: 2135. [Hereafter referred as DM.] He was a Santa Fe Presidio soldier. They were married 10 January 1694. Juan de Villa El Pando was dead by 1718; his widow, Ana Maria Romero, was known as "La Panda." Juan's parents were Juan de Villa el Pando and Ursula de Olaes. Ana Maria Romero's parents were Alonso Romero and Maria de Tapia, both natives of New Mexico. See also Chavez, ONMF, 312.
6. Tykal, "Taos to St. Louis," 165. I think the name "Martine" is a last name rather than first name, a Spanish pronunciation of Martin, and the scribe wrote it as pronounced.
7. Margaret Leonard Windham and Evelyn Lujan Baca, compilers; M. Eloise Arellanes, extractor, New Mexico Marriages, Church of San Juan Puebleo 1726-1776, 1831-1855 and Church in Santa Clara Pueblo 1726-1832 (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogical Society, 1998), 2. [Hereafter referred to as San Juan Marriages.]
8. Olmsted, 1750 to 1830, 47.
9. Francisco Atanasio Dominguez, The Missions of New Mexico, 1776: A Description, With Other Contemporary Documents, translated and annotated by Eleanor B. Adams and Angelico Chavez (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1956), 251. [Hereafter referred to as Missions of New Mexico.]
10. Windham, San Juan Marriages, 12.
11. Margaret Buxton, "A Chavez Line for Vic Chavez of Wichita, Kansas, Herencia 6 (January 1998): 10.
12. Dominguez, Missions of New Mexico, 251.
13. Tykal, "Taos to St. Louis," 170. See also Earl Fischer Database, online http://stlgs.org/efdb/d486.htm#P3853, downloaded 25 February 2004.
14. The Catholic Community Forum, "History of the Old Cathedral," online www.catholic-forum.com/stlouisking/history.html, downloaded 25 February 2004.
15. Marriage contract between Jean Salle and Marie Rose Videlpane, 3 July 1770, instrument no. 2023, St. Louis Archives, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis; translation by Carolyn Soniat du Fossat.
16. Frederic Louis Billon, compiler, Annals of St. Louis in its early days under the French and Spanish dominations (1886; reprint, Bowie, Maryland: Heritage Books, 1997), 426.
17. Earl Fischer Database, online http://stlgs.org/efdb/d329.htm#P3849, Helene Leroux information downloaded 28 February 2004. Database indicates 13 August 1827 as marriage date.
18. Mrs. Lajoie death notice, Missouri Republican, St. Louis, Missouri, 3 August 1839, page 3, column 4; and St. Louis Beacon, St. Louis, Missouri, 5 August 1830, page 3, column 4.
19. Earl Fischer Database, online http://stlgs.org/efdb/d486.htm#P13873, Lambert Salé dit Lajoie information downloaded 28 February 2004. Lambert's adopted daughter, Marie, married Etienne Provost, famous trapper and explorer.
20. Earl Fischer Database, online http://stlgs.org/efdb/d486.htm#P14204, Pierre Salé dit Lajoie information downloaded 28 February 2004.
21. Earl Fischer Database, online http://stlgs.org/efdb/d486.htm#P14205, Marie Josephe Salé dit Lajoie information downloaded 28 February 2004.
22. Earl Fischer Database, online http://stlgs.org/efdb/d486.htm#P3846, Helene Salé dit Lajoie information downloaded 28 February 2004. Children of Helene Salé dit Lajoie and Benjamin Leroux were Watkins Leroux, Marie Lajoie Gregoire Leroux, Sylvestre Leroux, and Helene Leroux. See also The Catholic Community Forum, "History of the Old Cathedral," online www.catholic-forum.com/stlouisking/history.html.
23. Earl Fischer Database, online http://stlgs.org/efdb/d486.htmP22400, Antoine Xavier Salé dit Lajoie information downloaded 28 February 2004. According to Tykal, this is the Indian son born to Villalpando during captivity and ws older than Lambert.
24. Chávez, ONMF, 198.
25. Maria Paula Martin entry, 26 January 1766, in Baptismal 1726-1774, Book 27: 264, entry 5, San Juan de los Caballeros Catholic Church (Rio Arriba County), New Mexico: microfilm no. 16981, Family History Library [FHL], Salt Lake City, Utah.
25. Maria Paula Martin entry, 26 January 1766, in Baptismal 1726-1774, Book 27: 264, entry 5, San Juan de los Caballeros Catholic Church (Rio Arriba County), New Mexico: microfilm no. 16981, Family History Library [FHL], Salt Lake City, Utah.
26. Margaret Leonard Windham and Evelyn Lujan Baca, compilers; Virginia Langham Olmsted and Evelyn Lujan Baca, extractors, New Mexico Baptisms, Church of Santo Tomas de Abiquiu, 3 volumes (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogical Society [NMGS], 2000), 1:57 [Hereafter referred to as Abiquiu Baptisms.]
27. Margaret Leonard Windham and Evelyn Lujan Baca, compilers; M. Arellanes, extractor, New Mexico Marriages, Church of Santo Tomas de Abiquiu, 1756-1826 (NMGS, 1997), 47. [Hereafter referred to as Abiquiu Marriages.]
28. Juan Manuel Jaquez entry, 22 Septemper 1822, Burials 28: 147, entry 7, San Juan de los Caballeros Catholic Church (Rio Arriba County), New Mexico: microfilm no. 16982. FHL, Salt Lake City, Utah. See also Abiquiu Marriages, 81. Maria Viviana Valdes, widow of Juan Manuel Xaques, Married Francisco Valdes.
29. Maria Gertrudis Jaquez entry, 25 January 1787, in Baptismal 1774-1798, Book 42: 152, entry 3, San Juan de Mexico: microfilm 16981, FHL.
30. Windham, Abiquiu Baptisms, 2: 11, 34, and 64.
31. Juan de Jesus Jaquez entry, 6 April 1788, in Baptismal 1774-1798, Book 42: 168, entry 4, San Jusn de los Caballeros Catholic Church (Rio Arria County), New Mexico: microfilm 16981, FHL.
32. Windham, Abiquiu Marriages, 51.
33. Felipe de Jesus Jaquez entry, 25 March 1789, in Baptismal 1774-1798, Book 42: 178, entry 4, San Juan de los Cabaleros Catholic Church (Rio Arriba County), New Mexico: microfilm 16981, FHL.
34. Windham, Abiquiu Marriages, 47.
35. Felipe Jaques entry, 20 October 1873, in Entierros, Enero 1860-Enero 1897, Book 1: no page entry 2, La Parioquia de Nuestra Seora de Guadalupe Conejos, Colorado: microfilm 2695, FHL. See also Karen Bonds Mitchell, extractor and compiler, and Jack Geiser, tpest, Our Lady of Guadalupe Church, Conejos, Colorado Death Records, 1860-1897 (Commerce City, Colorado: privately printed, 1988), 10. [ Hereafter referred to as Colorado Deaths.]
36. Maria Manuela Jaquez entry, 17 October 1790, in Baptismal 1774-1798 42: 195, entry 5, San Juan de los Caballeros Church (Rio Arriba County), New Mexico Microfilm 16981, FHL.
37. Rick Hendricks, editor, and John B Colligan, compiler, New Mexico Prenuptial Investigations from the Ardchivos Historicos del Arzobispado de Durango, 1800-1893 (Las Cruces, NM: Rio Grande Histórical Collections, NM State University Library, 2000), 88 [Hereafter referreed to as Prenuptial Investigations.]
38. Pacifica Jaquez entry, 3 June 1792, in Baptimal 1774-1798, Book 42: 211, entry 7 San Juan de los Caballeros Catholic Church (Rio Arriba County), NM: microfilm 16981, FHL.
39. Windham, Abiquiu Marriages, 1 :63.
40. Manuel Benancio de los Dolores Jaquez entry, 4 April 1794, n Baptismal 1774-1798, Book 42: 231, entry 3, San Juan de los Caballeros Catholic Churcdh (Ro Arriba County), NM: microfilm 16981, FHL.
41 Phelipe de Jesus Jaquez entry, 20 September 1795 in Baptismal 1774-1798, Book 42: 256, entry 1 San Juan de los Caballeros Catholic Church (Rio Arriba County), NM: microfilm 16981, FHL.
42. Maria Ysabel Jaquez entry, 16 April 1797, in Baptismal 1774-1798, Book 42: 279, entry 3, San Juan de los Caballeros Catholic Church (Rio Arriba County), NM microfilm 16981, FHL.
43. Windham, Abiquiu Marriages, 49.
44. Virginia Langham Olmsted, translator and compiler, New Mexico Spanish and Mexican Colonial Censuses 1790, 1823, 1845 (NMGS, 1975), 110. [Hereafter referred to as 1790 census.)
45. Maria Paula Martin entry, 9 July 1798, in Burials June 29, 1776 to August 19, 1826, Book 28: no page number, entry 3, San Juan de los Cabaleros Catholic Church (Rio Arriba County), NM microfilm 16982, FHL.
46. Hendricks, Prenuptial Investigations, 88.
47. Maria Natividad Jaquez entry, 29 December 1799, in Baptismal 1799-1820, Book 28: 10, entry 2, San Juan de los Caballeros Catholic Church (Rio Ariba County), NM: microfilm 16981, FHL.
48. Maria Dolores Jaquez entry, 21 August 1801, in Baptismal 1799-1820, Book 28: 21, entry 5, San Juan de los Caballeros Catholic Church (Rio Arriba County), NM: microfilm 16981, FHL.
49. Tukal, "Taos to St. Louis," 171.
50. Ibid., 172. |
v